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Human beings reason thoughtfully on most of the social occasions, does not guarantee us rationality of thinking. This means that though we try to be correct in our thought process, we are likely to make errors in our social judgments. We shall explore some errors in cognition.   Negativity Bias:  Take following example: Niranjan is bright, helpful, social, jealous, and friendly person. Which adjective has attracted your attention the most. Perhaps, jealous…right…! This happens because of our tendency called as negativity bias. The tendency of Human beings to pay more attention to negative information than positive information is called as negativity bias. Social psychologists have recognized this tendency of human beings for a long time. Negativity bias refers to the tendency to show greater sensitivity to negative information than positive information. 28 We pay more attention to any negative event, characteristics, etc., of social situation. This is seen in variety of s...

  The distinction between automatic and controlled processing has been well-established. According to this idea, social thoughts are processed in two distinct ways:  (a) Automatic Processing, and  (b) Controlled Processing.  Controlled Processing refers to the processing of social information in careful, systematic, logical, rational, and effortful way. In this kind of processing, individuals think systematically and logically to reach to a conclusion. E.g., when you want to make a travel plan for your holidays, you find out most of the information, carefully choose the destinations and then systematically make the travel plans. Automatic Processing refers to fast, relatively effortless, and intuitive kind of processing of social information. This not necessarily means that these processing are entirely independent of each other. Some studies have shown that they work together. Automatic Processing refers to fast, relatively effortless, intuitive, automatic and non-c...

  Social psychology has an interesting history. It can be traced back to 1895 when Le Bon theorized crowd behavior. Triplett’s (1897) experiment on "social facilitation" effects, Ross and McDougall’s (1908) first textbook of social psychology, were the early events. Social psychology started as "Experimental" science. 6 Sherif (1936) studies on development of norms, Lewin's field theory (1935), and Lewin, Lippitt, and White’s (1939) three leadership styles test were early important studies. Lewin trained many famous social psychologists, like, Festinger, Schachter, Deutsch, Kelley, Thibault, etc. Three Influential Gestalt Psychologists are Kurt Lewin, Solomon Asch, Fritz Heider. The World War II was a major event in the history of social psychology. Many social psychologists fled Europe and went to USA. They have started working in the auspicious funding atmosphere. The topics they chose were related to American problems, e.g., to combat moral war...

Human social behaviour and thoughts are caused by many things. Social psychology would try to understand them. Let’s see some of the important ones: Actions and Characteristics of Other Persons : We are affected by various actions of others. For example, you are standing in the queue for a local train ticket and somebody tries to break the queue. In no time, you would get upset with the person and shout at him. This and many other instances would help you to understand that your behaviour is affected by the actions of other individuals. Similarly, certain characteristics of people also change your behaviour. For example, you are waiting at bus-stop, and you realize that a blind man wants to cross a road. You would quickly move ahead and help him. These and many other physical psychological and social characteristics of people are responsible for our actions. • Cognitive Process : Our thinking determines what we do in social circumstances. This is studied in the area of social cognition...

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,[f] is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the largest Muslim population as of 2023.[8] Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area, being the second largest in South Asia. Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor.